http://eatocracy.cnn.com/2010/07/20/clarified-religious-dietary-restrictions/ 
http://jrsusa.org/RSG_Day?TN=DTN-20110407120622 
Religious Diets
Buddhism
Off the menu: It varies, but many Buddhists are vegetarians and refrain from the use of alcohol.
Why: Buddhists, like Hindus, believe in reincarnation and that the soul may at some point inhabit an animal. Thus, they abstain from killing living creatures. Buddhism also calls for a constant awareness of the body and mind, and it is thought that alcohol dulls this focus, and increases the possibility of negative karma while under its influence.
Also: The Buddha exhorted followers to stay away from the "five pungent spices" - onions, garlic, scallions, chives and leeks - as cooked, they are said to intensify sexual desire, and raw, increase anger.
This flows from the Buddha's "Five Contemplations While Eating," in which followers ask themselves,
1. What food is this?.
2. Where does it come from?
3. Why am I eating it?
4. When should I eat and benefit from this food?
5. How should I eat it? 

Hinduism
Off the menu: Meat, for many Hindus, and especially beef
Why: Hindu beliefs emphasize the importance of living in harmony with nature, and having mercy, respect and compassion for all creatures. Contrary to popular belief, Hindu do not worship cows, nor are they considered sacred by all Hindus. They are, however, "Aghanya" – that which may not be slaughtered.
Also: Hindus divide food into three categories, based on how they enhance or hinder physical and spiritual development.
– Tamasic foods are considered heavy, dull and depressive and include meat, heavy cheese, onions, garlic, and mushrooms among others. The category also includes old and stale food.
– Rajasic foods are hot, spicy and salty and said to irritate and stimulate, often to a state of high agitation, anger and hate.
– Sattvic foods, like many fruits, fresh yogurt and leafy greens, are supposed to bring clarity and perception and help unfold love and compassion in the consumer.

Rastafarianism
Off the menu: Red meat, fish over 12", chemically modified food or that which contains artificial additives or excessive salt
Why: "Ital" food food, pure and from the earth, is said to increase the eater's Livity, or life energy conferred by the Almighty.
Also: Strict practitioners also avoid shellfish which, like pigs, are seen as scavengers. While marijuana is used extensively to bring the faithful in closer communion with Jah, coffee, other caffeinated beverages and strong alcohol are frowned upon.

Jainism
Off the menu: Meat, fish, eggs, butter, honey, alcohol and figs. Strict practitioners eschew root vegetables, garlic and onions.
Why: Vegetarianism is a way of life for Jains, who practice nonviolence and peaceful, cooperative coexistence with all living beings. Roots and some fruits are seen as containing more living beings than other, owing to the environment in which they develop, so their consumption is excluded. Most dairy, other than butter, is permitted.
Also: Some Jains avoid eating after sunset or before sunrise to avoid harm to insects that appear after dark.

Sikhism
Off the menu: Alcohol is discouraged. Meat, in some sects. Those who do eat it may not consume halal or kosher meat.
Why: Sikhs are expected to be active and alert, and alcohol consumption is counterproductive.
Also: They do not believe in ritual halal or kosher slaughter as they do not consider it to ennoble the flesh. Rather, Sikhs practice "jhatka," which severs the animal's head with a single blow, causing the minimum amount of suffering. There is no implied sacrifice or ritual.

Yazidism / Yezidism
Off the menu: Legendarily, lettuce, cabbage and butter beans
Why: There is no clear answer, and the Yazidis numbers and frequency of contact with the rest of the world are in serious decline. Reportedly, one elder ties it to mass slaughter of their people in the lettuce fields by 18th and 19th century Ottomans. Another claims that the corpse of an early Yadizi saint was taunted and pelted with lettuce. Still another cites a Noah's Ark-like cabbage that once protected the group, and theories abound that the taboo may have to do with either the leaves' resemblance to the human ear or contamination with human waste.
Also: The Baba Sheik, in an April 2010 interview with the BBC told the reporter that despite many claims to the contrary, ordinary Yadizi were free to eat what they like, but holy men like himself refrain from some vegetables because "they cause gases."
Judaism
Off the menu: Pork and pork products, shellfish, meat and dairy at the same meal, birds of prey
Why: Short answer – the Torah says so. These are some of the most complex dietary laws of all religions and reasons for and degrees of devotion vary from community to community.
Also: Animals that do not have cloven hooves and which don't chew their cud are also considered unclean. Forbidden foods are called "treif." Adherence to kosher practice varies from community to community and this is just the tip of the iceberg, but basic tenets of kashrut include:
– Avoidance of the aforementioned foods
– Slaughter of permitted animals in accordance with Jewish law – a quick, deep stroke across the throat with a perfectly sharp blade with no nicks or unevenness
– Total drainage of blood
– Consumption of permitted animal parts only - the sciatic nerve and surrounding blood vessels are disallowed, as is the "chelev" fat surrounding vital organs and the liver
– Fruits and vegetables must be washed to ensure a lack of insects
– Three hours must be allowed between eating meat and dairy
– Utensils, pots and pans for dairy and meat must be kept separate, and those used for non-kosher food may not come into contact with kosher supplies
– Grape products made by non-Jews may not be consumed

Christian
It is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but what comes out of the mouth; this defiles a person.” MT 15:11

And there came a voice to him: “Rise, Peter; kill and eat.” (Acts 10:13)
But Peter said, "By no means, Lord, for I have never eaten anything unholy and unclean."…
Romans 14:2 Now accept the one who is weak in faith, but not for the purpose of passing judgment on his opinions. One person has faith that he may eat all things, but he who is weak eats vegetables only. The one who eats is not to regard with contempt the one who does not eat, and the one who does not eat is not to judge the one who eats, for God has accepted him.…
Catholicism
Off the menu: Meat on Ash Wednesday, Good Friday and all Fridays in Lent - and for Catholics in some dioceses, meat on any Friday. Animal products such as fat, eggs, dairy and broth are permissible, as is fish.
Why: These acts of self-denial and penance are in observance of divine law that each person should turn from sin and make reparation to God for their sins.
Also: Fasts from solid food on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday are required of Catholics between the ages of 18 and 59. The intent is spiritual focus, penance and imitation of Christ.

Eastern Rite Catholicism
All Eastern Rite Catholics over the age of fourteen must abstain from meat on Fridays during Lent, Holy Saturday, Christmas Vigils, and the Vigil of the Epiphany. In the United States, members are urged to abstain on Wednesdays during Lent, but this is not mandatory. Members must fast and abstain on the Monday before Ash Wednesday and on Good Friday. Abstinence consists of no meat, eggs, or dairy products. 

Orthodox Christianity
Orthodox Christians are required to fast regularly. Fasting periods include most Wednesdays and Fridays, Lent, Advent/Nativity (five weeks before Christmas), Dormition/Assumption (August 1-15), and a variable period before the Feast of the Holy Apostles. There are other fast days as well. The dates can be determined by consulting an Orthodox liturgical calendar. During fasting periods, Orthodox Christians abstain from animal products, including fish, chicken, and dairy products. In rare instances, fish is allowed during a fast period.
Orthodox fasting rules can be accommodated by self-selecting the meatless entree in mainline.

Protestant Christianity
While individuals may choose to exercise self-control in the area of personal food consumption, religious-oriented dietary mandates are not a part of the teachings of Protestantism. Self-selection from the main line, including the no-flesh option, generally meets the dietary requirements of Protestant Christian detainees.

Seventh Day Adventism
Off the menu: Alcohol. Caffeine is to be avoided but is not strictly prohibited. Many of the devout are strict ovo-lacto vegetarians.
Why: Seventh Day Adventists believe in a healthy and wholesome diet and adhere to a food doctrine taken from Leviticus.
Also: This doctrine divides meat and fish into categories of "clean" and "unclean," sharing much in common with Jewish custom. Pork and shellfish are considered unclean while fish with fins and scales are clean.

Mormonism
Off the menu: Coffee, tea, alcohol and large amounts of meat
Why: Caffeine and alcohol are considered to be addictive and lead to poor physical and emotion well being.
Also: Some Mormons avoid all hot drinks and some avoid all caffeinated beverages like soda. Meat is not forbidden, but excessive consumption is discouraged due to health concerns.
Islam	http://www.inter-islam.org/Lifestyle/diet.htm 
“Our Lord! You have not created (all) this without purpose.” (3:191) 
“O’ Believers! Eat of the good and pure (lawful) that We have provided you with and be grateful to Allah, if you truly worship Him.” (2:172)
 “O People! Eat of what is lawful and good on the Earth and do not follow the footsteps of Shaitaan, for he is your open enemy.” (2:168)
 “He (Allah) has only forbidden you (from eating) dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that (animal) over which the name of other than Allah has been invoked.” (2:173, 16:115)
 “And the cattle, He has created them for you, in them there is warmth (clothing) and numerous benefits, and of them you eat.” (16:5) 
 “And the flesh of fowls that they desire.” (56:21) 
“And from them both (fresh and salt water) you eat fresh tender meat (fish).” (35:12)
 “And verily in the cattle there is a lesson for you. We give you to drink of that which is in their bellies, from between excretion and blood, pure milk, palatable to the drinkers.” (16:66)
 “And from the fruits of date palms and grapes, you desire strong drink and a goodly provision.” (16:67)
 “It is He who sends down rain from the sky, and with it We bring forth vegetation of all kinds, and out of it We bring forth thick clustered grain. And out of the date palm and its spate come clusters of dates hanging low and near, and gardens of grapes, olives and pomegranates each similar (in kind) yet different (in variety and taste). Look at their fruits when then begin to bear, and the ripeness thereof.” (6:99)
 “And eat and drink, but waste not in extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not those who waste in extravagance.” (7:31)
“The stomach is the tank of the body and the veins go down to it. When the stomach is healthy the veins come back in a healthy condition, but when it is in a bad condition, they return diseased.”
Off the menu: Alcohol, pork or pork products, birds of prey, carnivorous animals, blood, meat that is not slaughtered in the name of Allah, gelatin from non-Halal animals
Why: It is commanded by God (Allah), who decreed some foods halal (allowed) and some haram (forbidden). Obedience to this is a matter of faith.

Bahá’í
http://bahaiteachings.org/nutrition-from-a-bahai-perspective 
What will be the food of the future? Fruit and grains. The time will come when meat will no longer be eaten. Medical science is only in its infancy, yet it has shown that our natural diet is that which grows out of the ground. The people will gradually develop up to the condition of this natural food. – Abdu’l-Baha,

http://susangammage.com/diet-and-the-foods-we-eat-a-bahai-perspective-2  
. . there is nothing in the teachings about whether people should eat their food cooked or raw; exercise or not exercise; resort to specific therapies or not; nor is it forbidden to eat meat.  Shoghi Effendi 
. . . the food of man is cereal and fruit.  Some of the teeth of man are like millstones to grind the grain, and some are sharp to cut the fruit.  Therefore he is not in need of meat, nor is he obliged to eat it.  ….  Truly, the killing of animals and the eating of their meat is somewhat contrary to pity and compassion and if one can content oneself with [other foods]   ‘Abdu’l-Bahá
. . . But eating meat is not forbidden or unlawful, nay, the point is this, that it is possible for man to live without eating meat and still be strong.  Meat is nourishing and containeth the elements of herbs, seeds and fruits; therefore sometimes it is essential for the sick and for the rehabilitation of health.  There is no objection in the Law of God to the eating of meat if it is required.  So if thy constitution is rather weak and thou findest meat useful, thou mayest eat it.  Abdu’l-Bahá
The time will come when meat will no longer be eaten.  Medical science is only in its infancy, yet it has shown that our natural diet is that which grows out of the ground.  The people will gradually develop up to the condition of this natural food. Abdu’l-Bahá

Diet and Health
But man hath perversely continued to serve his lustful appetites, and he would not content himself with simple foods.  Rather, he prepared for himself food that was compounded of many ingredients, of substances differing one from the other. With this, and with the perpetrating of vile and ignoble acts, his attention was engrossed, and he abandoned the temperance and moderation of a natural way of life.  The result was the engendering of diseases both violent and diverse. Abdu’l-Bahá
In matters of health, particularly regarding diet and nutrition, the House of Justice advises the friends to seek the help and advice of experts and doctors.  
When by remedies and treatments the equilibrium is reestablished, the disease is banished.  So if the sugar constituent increases, the health is impaired; and when the doctor forbids sweet and starchy foods, the sugar constituent diminishes, the equilibrium is reestablished, and the disease is driven off.
All the elements that are combined in man exist also in vegetables; therefore, if one of the constituents which compose the body of man diminishes, and he partakes of foods in which there is much of that diminished constituent, then the equilibrium will be established, and a cure will be obtained.  
Do not neglect medical treatment when it is necessary, but leave it off when health has been restored. Treat disease through diet, by preference… Abstain from drugs when health is good, but administer them when necessary. – Baha’u’llah,
Treat disease through diet, by preference, refraining from the use of drugs; and if you find what is required in a single herb, do not resort to a compounded medicament. . .  Bahá’u’lláh, 
At whatever time highly-skilled physicians shall have developed the healing of illnesses by means of foods, and shall make provision for simple foods, and shall prohibit humankind from living as slaves to their lustful appetites, it is certain that the incidence of chronic and diversified illnesses will abate, and the general health of all mankind will be much improved.  This is destined to come about. (‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Selections from the Writings of  ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, p. 156).
The Báb hath said that the people of Bahá must develop the science of medicine to such a high degree that they will heal illnesses by means of foods.  
It is therefore, evident that it is possible to cure by foods, aliments and fruits; but as today the science of medicine is imperfect, this fact is not yet fully grasped.  When the science of medicine reaches perfection, treatment will be given by foods, aliments, fragrant fruits and vegetables, and by various waters, hot and cold ….. Abdu’l-Bahá
In matters of diet, as in medicine, the Universal House of Justice feels that the believers should be aware that a huge body of scientific knowledge has been accumulated as a guide to our habits and practices.  Here too, as in all other things, the believers should be conscious of the two principles of moderation and courtesy in the way they express their opinions and in deciding whether they should refuse food offered to them or request special foods.
http://bahaiteachings.org/obesity-moderation-and-the-human-spirit